ABSTRACT
The first COVID-19 case in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY), Indonesia, was reported in March 2020.When the case surge peaked, SRY was also exposed to effusive Merapi eruption (during which lava domes were formed on the southwest flank and inside the crater) accompanied by several pyroclastic flows and rockfalls.The research sought to evaluate disaster management practices during the eruption’s emergency response phase amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in the SRY.The primary data on the mechanism by which the disaster management was conducted were obtained from in-depth interviews with the key informant from the Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD of SRY and Sleman District) and the Disaster Risk Reduction Platform (FPRB of SRY).They included ancillary data such as the number of vulnerable groups, susceptibility, and disaster risk from the National Disaster Management Agency.The research argued that several disaster management practices had been implemented during the emergency response phase that cooccurred with the COVID-19 pandemic, including modifying evacuation shelters to meet the requirements of the public health measures and planning the “sister village” and “sister school” system.In addition, all parties were actively involved in drafting and implementing new rules and regulations under the authority of the central and provincial governments.The critical question arising from the praxis is how strictly the health protocols had been enforced in the research area since the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases increased. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The term of Mudik (in Bahasa) is often interpreted as the return of migrants from foreign areas to their hometowns, or largely known as massive mobility among regions that especially carried out annually during the Eid al-Fitr holiday in Indonesia. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in 2020 and 2021, restrictions were placed on mudik during the Eid holiday. This study was conducted to see the extent of the effectiveness of the mudik restrictions carried out by the Indonesian government. This study was conducted by reviewing the levels of NO2 and CO in the months before and during the Eid al-Fitr holiday through spatiotemporal processing of images retrieved from Google Earth Engine. The data used is Sentinel-5p images to map air pollution levels from NO2 values and CO values in January-June 2019-2021. The study area includes two districts in DKI Jakarta Province and two districts in Central Java Province. The statistical tests are useful to see the trend of data that is obtained from the zonal analysis process. The statistical tests were carried out using the Mann-Kendall Test method to detect trends and the results were equipped with Sen's Slope analysis to measure the magnitude of the changes that occurred. According to the trend of NO2 and CO values obtained, the values in 2019 are higher than in 2021, and the values in 2021 are higher than in 2020. Thus, the policy of mudik restrictions in 2020 is assumed more effectively than in 2021. The trend in the levels of NO2 and CO in the air is more significant a month before the Eid al-Fitr holiday than in the Eid al-Fitr holiday. It can illustrate that the production of NO2 and CO from motor vehicles continues to increase before there are restrictions. © 2021 SPIE.